Groovy Drum Machine Sequencer

{"name":"Make Some Noise Week 2","description":"music class 2","photo":"https://res.cloudinary.com/dzv7hjwfn/image/upload/qfjlc7tnvpon8pi8flzx","view_count":5,"fork_count":0,"expires_at":null,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:11:34.559711Z","updated_at":"2025-03-17T16:11:34.559713Z","user_id":5,"status":"PRIVATE","parent_id":5841,"id":6272,"user":{"photo":null,"email":null,"recess_id":"b5574579-4904-b775-ad8e-eff5c085f819","created_at":"2023-12-12T12:00:51.087995Z","reset_token":null,"stripe_customer_id":null,"seats":null,"username":"theop","id":5,"password_hash":null,"updated_at":"2023-12-12T12:00:51.087997Z","reset_token_expiry":null,"subscription_status":null},"code":{"script.js":"/*\n\nWelcome back!\n\nMusic is all about time. We are going to burn the fuel of time in a different way today.\n\nLast week we *synthesized* sound by producing waves.\nFrequency, how fast a wave oscillates, controls the pitch of a sound.\nFrequency is about timing but on a tiny scale: a single bump of a wave might last something like 0.00227 seconds.\nYour ear experiences that as a continuous note, not as individual bursts of air.\n\nBut if musical events happen on larger timescales, like 0.1 seconds or longer, we experience separate events.\nWe cross from pitch to *rhythm*.\n\nRhythm is the arrangement of sounds in time.\nI would call rhythm the most important part of music.\nRhythm makes you want to dance. It can confuse and bewilder you.\nRhythm can take over your body and mind!\n\nRhythm leads us down a rabbit hole to... *math*.\n\nYes, we have to do more math. Sorry not sorry!\n\nThe program here is what a musician would call a \n*drum machine*, or more generally, a *sequencer*.\n\nA machine that can set up and play back sounds on a *rhythmic grid*.\n\nLet's run this program to investigate how this grid works.\n\nClick a square to enable or disable it. You should hear a sound when you turn one on.\n\nEach row holds a different sound — a different note.\n\nClick the play button or press Space to begin the flow of time.\n\nTime moves from left to right, then loops.\n\nEach column is a single moment in time.\n\nSet up a beat by enabling some squares then clicking 'Play.'\n\nSimple as that!\n\n~ ~ ~\n\nTake a few minutes to play around. Can you program a funky beat?\n\nWhat *rhythmic principles* ensure funky beats?\n\nHow do you interpet the role of the big squares versus the small squares?\n\nWhat does the 'BPM' slider do?\n\nThe 'Subdivision' buttons?\n\nThe 'Beats' buttons?\n\nExperiment! Follow your ears.\n\n~ ~ ~\n\nYou will find that randomly clicking around does not produce the best results.\n\nA good beat makes you want to *move.*\n\nWhat is the seemingly-magic essence of such a beat?\n\nWell, what variabels are we playing with?\n\n- the individual sound of each note (the \"sample\") -\n- - I think of these as High, Medium, and Low, based on pitch.\n- - all the samples are pretty short, but long vs. short sounds can make a big difference. (Remember \"envelope.\")\n\n- the relative placements of the samples -\n- - more on this momentarily. We will use a semi-numerical system for this.\n\n- the tempo, or speed of the music -\n- - a beat that sounds good fast may not sound good slow!\n\n- the structure of the grid itself -\n- - this will be part of our semi-numerical system.\n\nOur immediate goal: analyze and weild this grid structure so that we don't have to randomly click.\nYou can learn to *imagine* a beat and then program it!\n\n** The mathematics of rhythm **\n\nThe basic units of time in music are *beats* and *measures.* A measure can also be called a *bar.*\n\nMeasure is the big unit. Beats are smaller. \n\n*A measure is made of some number of beats.*\n\nThe grid in this program represents ONE looping measure.\n\nEach big square represents the beginning of one beat.\n\nBy default, this measure has four beats.\nFour-beats-to-a-bar is the most common *time signature* in music.\n\nTurn on a row of just big squares. You will hear equally-spaced pulses on the beats.\n\nYou can alter the number of beats per bar with the +/- buttons.\n\nWhat about the small squares? Those represent smaller *subdivisions* of the beat.\n*Fractions* of beats.\n\nIn much of the music you hear, beats are subdivided into two, four, or eight units — powers of two.\nSubdivision into three (\"triplets\") is common too. Other subdivisions are rare.\n\nTo summarize the rhythmic structure of our grid, we have:\n\n|| - M E A S U R E - ||\n\n|| Beat | Beat | Beat | Beat ||\n\n|| +... | +... | +... | +... ||\n\nAs with fractions, you can always divide up measures and beats as much as you want.\n\nNow for the number part.\n\nWe count beats 1, 2, 3, 4, ...\n\nMusicians use \"and\" (written '+') to mark halfway points between beats.\n\n\"One and Two and Three and Four and...\"\n\n|| 1 + | 2 + | 3 + | 4 + ||\n\nExercise: put a low sound on every beat and put a medium sound on every \"and.\"\n\nWhen a beat is subdivided into four, we use the phrase \"One ee and uh,\" \"Two ee and uh,\" and so on.\n\nLet's play with these ingredients!\n\nA recipe for the classic so-called \"backbeat:\"\n\nLow sounds on beats 1, 3.\nMedium sounds on beats 2, 4.\nHigh sounds on every beat and every \"and.\"\n\nMake that! It will sound like a drummer playing it safe.\nGet the feeling in your bones, then decorate that beat a little.\n\nChange the BPM, which stands for \"beats per minute.\"\nBPM is a measurement of *tempo,* or musical speed.\n\nThe default BPM in this program is 120.\n\n120 beats per minute means 2 beats per second. \nEach beat is 1/2 of a second.\n\nIf a measure contains 4 beats, that means the whole loop is 2 total seconds.\n\nRhythm is the most fun way to practice fraction thinking, especially if there's no pizza on hand.\n\nSometimes odd-numbered beats are called \"strong beats,\" while even-numbered beats are called \"weak beats.\"\nThat structure is mirrored *within* beats: \"ands\" are stronger than \"ees\" and \"uhs.\"\nThe rhythmic grid is a bit like a checkerboard...or a checkerboard within a checkerboard within a checkerboard.\n\nIt's deep and fascinating. To get a feel for this space, a couple basic principles:\n(Remember, rules are meant to be broken!)\n\n- Lower, longer sounds are best suited to strong beats.\n- - Beat one is often called \"the downbeat.\"\n- - The downbeat is often low and clear so that it's obvious where to start counting.\n\n- High, short sounds are lighter and are suited for weak beats and subdivision\n- - You can also fit in more of these sounds. Try to fit lots of high sounds around few low sounds.\n\n- Medium sounds, like a snare drum, sometimes called \"accents,\" don't work so well on downbeats, \n but they can highlight other important beats within the bar. \n- - The standard snare drum pattern is beats two and four only.\n\nLet's hit the laboratory. Play around and follow your ears. \nTry out different tempos, numbers of beats, and subdivisions.\n\nIf you have one goal for now, it should be to set up your beat so that the leftmost position of the grid *feels like* the beginning of the beat.\nIt is easy to disorient yourself inside a rhythm. If you find that happening, try to track down why and then see what you can do to correct it.\n\nObservations? Successes? Failures?\n\nNext time, we'll look \"under the hood\" to get a sense of the programming that goes into a drum machine.\n\nThe good news: mathematical thinking is easy to code. The only challenges in making something like this:\n- Making sure sounds play back at the right time (we use a library for this!)\n- Making the interface clear enough and simple to use.\n\n~ ~ ~\n\nPART TWO: Programming\n\nI want to talk about how I coded this little drum machine. \n\nI won't go over every single line — if you are a pro coder, you can dig into the details.\n\nFirst, an overview of the approach, then a couple highlights on interesting details.\n\nThe main idea is the grid of squares, each of which can be ON or OFF.\n\nSo we need to save true/false for each square and keep the squares organized by rows.\n\nThen, we need some code that goes through the *columns* of squares one by one and plays the ON squares' sounds.\n\nThe time between each column will define the *tempo* of the music.\n\nGrid of ON/OFF squares, play sounds for ON, then move to next column.\n\nRinse and repeat!\n\nEverything else will be in support of that goal. We will break the big idea down into smaller pieces — that's good programming!\n\n*/\n\n// I have loaded in six *assets* (files) that are short sounds.\n// They get saved here — we'll load them into the actual program later.\n\nlet sounds = [\n \"@asset('hihat')\",\n \"@asset('snare')\",\n \"@asset('kick')\",\n \"@asset('hi')\",\n \"@asset('med')\",\n \"@asset('lo')\",\n \"@asset('boom')\",\n \"@asset('cuteClarinetSong')\",\n \"@asset('fart')\",\n \"@asset('loud')\",\n \"@asset('doom')\",\n \"@asset('sad')\"\n];\n\n// Now we set up the grid.\n// We want one row for each sound:\nlet numRows = sounds.length;\n\n// We will begin with 4 big beats,\nlet numBeats = 4;\n\n// Each broken into 4 small beats.\nlet subdivision = 4;\n\n// We also need save which beat is happening *right now*\n// This will go 1, 2, 3, 4, ... as the program runs.\nlet currentBeat = 0;\n\n// Default tempo is 120 beats per minute,\n// or 2 beats per second.\nlet bpm = 120;\n\n// We will track whether the program is playing music or not.\nlet isPlaying = false;\n\n// We will set this up later to control the amount of time between beats.\nlet interval;\n\n// We will set this up later as a grid of on/off squares.\nlet squareStates;\n\n// We will store a copy of each sound in each square that can play it -- later.\nlet soundInstances = [];\n\nlet noteImage;\n// These will be for controls, later.\nlet bpmSlider;\n\nlet bpmLabel;\n\nlet volumeSliders = [];\n\n// This function runs once when the program first loads.\nfunction setup() {\n const canvasWidth = 2150;\n createCanvas(canvasWidth, windowHeight + 3000);\n\n colorMode(HSB, 360, 100, 100);\n background(300, 10, 20);\n\n // This function (written below) loads up sounds so they don't lag the first time they play.\n preloadSounds();\n\n\n // The next big chunk is just buttons and positioning. Skip unless interested.\n ////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n\n const saveButton = createButton('Save');\n saveButton.position(900, 40);\n saveButton.mousePressed(saveSequencer);\n\n const loadButton = createButton('Load');\n loadButton.position(980, 40);\n loadButton.mousePressed(loadSequencer);\n\n createElement('label', 'BPM:').position(210, 10);\n bpmSlider = createSlider(40, 200, bpm);\n bpmSlider.position(200, 40); // Lower the slider\n bpmSlider.input(updateBPM);\n\n bpmLabel = createElement('label', bpm.toString()).position(275, 10);\n\n createElement('label', 'Subdivision').position(520, 10);\n const subdivisionDecreaseButton = createButton('-');\n subdivisionDecreaseButton.position(520, 40);\n subdivisionDecreaseButton.mousePressed(decreaseSubdivision);\n\n subdivisionValueLabel = createElement('label', `1/${subdivision}`).position(565, 45);\n\n const subdivisionIncreaseButton = createButton('+');\n subdivisionIncreaseButton.position(600, 40);\n subdivisionIncreaseButton.mousePressed(increaseSubdivision);\n\n createElement('label', 'Beats').position(740, 10);\n const beatsDecreaseButton = createButton('-');\n beatsDecreaseButton.position(720, 40);\n beatsDecreaseButton.mousePressed(decreaseBeats);\n\n beatsValueLabel = createElement('label', numBeats.toString()).position(770, 45);\n\n const beatsIncreaseButton = createButton('+');\n beatsIncreaseButton.position(790, 40);\n beatsIncreaseButton.mousePressed(increaseBeats);\n\n ////////////////////////////////////////\n\n\n // This line is important. It fills in the squareStates.\n // Remember, we want a *grid* of squares that can all be ON/OFF (true/false).\n // The way we do this is by making an Array of Arrays, also called a 2D Array.\n // Each row is an array — a list of squares.\n // But the rows themselves get stored into an array.\n // This makes a grid structure. The other word for this structure is 'Matrix.'\n // This line calculates the number or rows and columns we need and fills every square with 'false'.\n squareStates = new Array(numRows).fill().map(() => new Array(numBeats * subdivision).fill(false));\n // If there are 6 rows of 4 * 4 beats each, that makes 16 * 6 = 96 total squares.\n\n\n\n // A loop makes all the volume sliders.\n for (let i = 0; i < numRows; i++) {\n let slider = createSlider(0, 1, 1, 0.01);\n slider.size(50);\n slider.position(20, 120 + (i * 95));\n slider.input(() => updateVolume(i));\n volumeSliders.push(slider);\n }\n\n\n}\n\n// This function runs 60 times per second.\nfunction draw() {\n background(50, 10, 70);\n\n drawPlayPauseIcon();\n\n // Some numbers that set up sizing.\n let downbeatSize = 75;\n let downbeatSpacing = 150;\n let startY = 100;\n\n // This big loop repeats for every row. (It moves down.)\n for (let row = 0; row < numRows; row++) {\n let x = 100;\n\n // Inside the big loop, another loop for all the columns. (It moves across.)\n // When you're working on a grid, this structure —\n // - a loop within a loop — is often the most organized way to process information.\n for (let col = 0; col < numBeats * subdivision; col++) {\n // Downbeats are the big squares whose positions evenly divide the total span of time.\n let isDownbeat = (col % subdivision === 0);\n // Set up two square sizes.\n let squareSize = isDownbeat ? downbeatSize : (downbeatSpacing - downbeatSize) / (subdivision - 1);\n let y = row * (downbeatSize + 20) + startY;\n let yOffset = isDownbeat ? 0 : (downbeatSize - squareSize) / 4;\n\n // This calculates the colors for each row.\n let hue = (row * 40) % 360; // Wrap the hue to 0-360\n if (squareStates[row][col]) {\n fill(hue, 90, 100); // Bright color for active squares.\n } else {\n fill(hue, 30, 50); // Dim color for inactive squares.\n }\n\n // Draw one single square. \n // This loop-within-a-loop runs enough times (rows * columns) to draw all the squares you see.\n noStroke();\n rect(x + (isDownbeat ? 0 : squareSize / 2), y + yOffset, squareSize, squareSize);\n\n let borderSize = 4;\n // The CURRENT beat while playing gets a border to pop out.\n if (col === currentBeat) {\n stroke(squareStates[row][col] ? [hue, 30, 100] : [hue, 20, 50]);\n strokeWeight(borderSize); // Thick border for current beat\n noFill();\n rect(x + (isDownbeat ? 0 : squareSize / 2) - (borderSize / 2), y + yOffset - (borderSize / 2), squareSize + borderSize, squareSize + borderSize); // Draw the highlighted square\n }\n\n // When it's time to move to the next beat, we nudge x over by a certain amount.\n // For the next loop cycle, we'll be a little to the right.\n x += squareSize + (isDownbeat ? 0 : (downbeatSpacing - downbeatSize) / (subdivision - 1));\n }\n }\n}\n\n//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n// The next two functions work together to make the actual sounds.\n\n// First up, the function that runs when you hit the play/pause button.\nfunction togglePlay() {\n isPlaying = !isPlaying; // This switches play to pause and vice versa.\n\n // If music should be playing...\n if (isPlaying) {\n // Go to the first beat,\n currentBeat = 0;\n // then use setInterval to set up a looping clock.\n // We do some math to calculate the amount of time betwen each square.\n // 60000 ms = 1 minute. We divide by beats per minute to get the length of one big beat.\n // Then 'subdivision' in the denominator gives the length of one *small beat.* \n interval = setInterval(loopThroughSquares, (60000 / (bpm * subdivision)));\n // Each time this timer cycles, run loopThroughSquares. See that function below.\n } else {\n // If pausing, stop the timer and stop all sounds.\n clearInterval(interval);\n Howler.stop(); // Turns off all audio.\n }\n\n}\n\n// This function gets called once every little beat.\n// It makes use of currentBeat to know what column is active,\n// Then it loops through all the rows to check which squares are on and which are off.\n// For all the on ones, play the sound!\nfunction loopThroughSquares() {\n // The slider to change the tempo gets checked every big beat.\n if (currentBeat % subdivision === 0) {\n updateBPM();\n }\n\n // Check every row:\n for (let row = 0; row < numRows; row++) {\n // If a square is on...\n if (squareStates[row][currentBeat]) {\n // Play the sound it contains!\n soundInstances[row].play();\n } // Otherwise do nothing.\n }\n // Important: when done with the whole column, move to the next column.\n // That's just adding 1 to current beat, but the modulus\n // causes the beat to loop back to the start when it hits the end.\n currentBeat = (currentBeat + 1) % (numBeats * subdivision);\n}\n\n// The two functions above are the core of the drum machine. \n// The rest is visual set up and making the controls work.\n// See more below to dig into details.\n//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n\n// This runs when the program loads.\n// Howler is a library that does a good job playing back audio.\n// We make a new 'Howl' object to hold each sound.\n// Then we can call .play() on it to play it.\n// Easy! Thanks to the coders behind Howler.\nfunction preloadSounds() {\n soundInstances = sounds.map(sound => {\n let howl = new Howl({\n src: [sound],\n html5: true,\n preload: true,\n autoplay: false,\n loop: false,\n volume: 1.0\n });\n\n // Play and immediately stop the sound to ensure it's loaded\n howl.play();\n howl.stop();\n\n return howl;\n });\n\n console.log(\"All sounds preloaded.\");\n}\n\n\n// This function changes the tempo.\n// You have to be careful about this sort of thing WHILE music is playing.\n// This function only gets called ON beats -- if you call it in the middle of the beat you could get some funky (bad funky) behavior.\nfunction updateBPM() {\n bpm = bpmSlider.value(); // Check the slider\n bpmLabel.html(bpm); // Update the BPM label\n\n if (isPlaying) {\n clearInterval(interval); // Kill the looping timer \n // Recalculate the beat timer and set it in motion.\n interval = setInterval(loopThroughSquares, (60000 / (bpm * subdivision)));\n }\n}\n\n// Clicking has to turn squares on and off, and handle the buttons.\nfunction mousePressed() {\n // For the play/pause icon:\n const iconSize = 40; // Size of the icon\n const x = iconSize; // X position with padding\n const y = 20; // Y position with padding\n // If the mouse position is within the icon's little rectangle, \n if (mouseX >= x && mouseX <= x + iconSize && mouseY >= y && mouseY <= y + iconSize) {\n togglePlay(); // Play the music!\n }\n\n\n let downbeatSize = 75; // Size of big squares\n let downbeatSpacing = 150; // Spacing between big squares\n let startY = 100; // Starting Y position for the squares\n\n // A similar nested loop as before checks the positions of all the squares.\n // This time, we just need to check if the mouse click is on a square and if so, switch ON/OFF.\n for (let row = 0; row < numRows; row++) {\n let x = 100;\n\n for (let col = 0; col < numBeats * subdivision; col++) {\n let isDownbeat = (col % subdivision === 0);\n let squareSize = isDownbeat ? downbeatSize : (downbeatSpacing - downbeatSize) / (subdivision - 1);\n let y = row * (downbeatSize + 20) + startY;\n let yOffset = isDownbeat ? 0 : (downbeatSize - squareSize) / 4;\n\n // Is the mouse inside THIS square?\n if (mouseX > x + (isDownbeat ? 0 : squareSize / 2) && mouseX < x + (isDownbeat ? 0 : squareSize / 2) + squareSize && mouseY > y + yOffset && mouseY < y + yOffset + squareSize) {\n // If it is, switch true/false (ON/OFF)\n squareStates[row][col] = !squareStates[row][col];\n\n // If the music isn't playing, preview the sound of this square.\n if (!isPlaying && squareStates[row][col]) {\n soundInstances[row].play();\n }\n }\n\n // (Loop to the next square)\n x += squareSize + (isDownbeat ? 0 : (downbeatSpacing - downbeatSize) / (subdivision - 1));\n }\n }\n}\n\n// We can change the number of big beats here.\nfunction increaseBeats() {\n if (numBeats < 99999) { // Maximum value\n numBeats++;\n beatsValueLabel.html(numBeats);\n }\n}\n\n// and here.\nfunction decreaseBeats() {\n if (numBeats > 2) { // Minimum value \n numBeats--;\n beatsValueLabel.html(numBeats);\n }\n}\n\n// We can change the number of beats WITHIN beats — the little beats, or *subdivisions*\nfunction increaseSubdivision() {\n if (subdivision < 6) { // Maximum value \n subdivision++;\n subdivisionValueLabel.html(`1/${subdivision}`);\n updateSubdivision(); // Call updateSubdivision to handle changes\n }\n}\n\nfunction decreaseSubdivision() {\n if (subdivision > 2) { // Minimum value \n subdivision--;\n subdivisionValueLabel.html(`1/${subdivision}`);\n updateSubdivision(); // Call updateSubdivision to handle changes\n }\n}\n\n\n// This gets called when the higher functions run.\nfunction updateSubdivision() {\n // If the number of little beats changes, we need to replace the grid with a new one.\n // This sets up a new grid that we will replace the old grid with.\n let newSquareStates = new Array(numRows).fill().map(() => new Array(numBeats * subdivision).fill(false));\n\n // Good ol' nested loop again.\n for (let row = 0; row < numRows; row++) {\n\n for (let beat = 0; beat < numBeats; beat++) {\n\n let previousIndex = beat * (squareStates[row].length / numBeats);\n\n // My strategy was to clear ALL the little beats when the number changes.\n // However, I want to keep big beats that were on on.\n // If a downbeat in the old subdivision was on...\n if (squareStates[row][previousIndex]) {\n // (Big beats are always multiples of the subdivision size.)\n let newIndex = beat * subdivision;\n\n // .. set the new downbeat to be on too.\n newSquareStates[row][newIndex] = true;\n }\n }\n }\n // Now that we have set everything up, we replace the old grid with the new.\n squareStates = newSquareStates;\n}\n\n// A simple drawing for the button.\nfunction drawPlayPauseIcon() {\n noStroke(); // No outline\n fill(50, 100, 100); // color\n let iconSize = 40; // Size \n\n let x = iconSize; // X position with padding\n let y = 20; // Y position with padding\n\n // Draw the icon depending on play/pause\n if (isPlaying) {\n // Draw pause icon (two rectangles)\n rect(x, y, iconSize / 4, iconSize); // Left rectangle\n rect(x + iconSize / 2, y, iconSize / 4, iconSize); // Right rectangle\n } else {\n // Draw play icon (triangle)\n triangle(x, y, x, y + iconSize, x + iconSize, y + iconSize / 2); // Triangle\n }\n}\n\n\n// The space bar can play/pause too.\nfunction keyPressed() {\n if (key === ' ') { // Check if the space bar is pressed\n togglePlay(); // Call the togglePlay function to play/pause\n return false; // Prevent default behavior\n }\n}\n\n// Function to update the volume of a specific row based on slider value\nfunction updateVolume(row) {\n const volume = volumeSliders[row].value(); // Get the slider value\n soundInstances[row].volume(volume); // Set the volume of the Howl instance for the row\n}\n\n// We can save and load JSONs that track the size of the grid\n// and which squares are on and off.\nfunction saveSequencer() {\n const sequencerState = {\n numRows: numRows,\n numBeats: numBeats,\n subdivision: subdivision,\n squareStates: squareStates\n };\n\n const sequencerJSON = JSON.stringify(sequencerState);\n console.log('Pattern Saved:', sequencerJSON);\n\n // Save it to a file\n const blob = new Blob([sequencerJSON], { type: \"application/json\" });\n const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\n const a = document.createElement('a');\n a.href = url;\n a.download = 'drumMachine.json';\n a.click();\n URL.revokeObjectURL(url);\n}\n\n// Load JSON: set the numbers and ON/OFFs\nfunction loadSequencer() {\n const sequencerJSON = prompt(\"Paste the JSON here:\");\n if (!sequencerJSON) return;\n\n const sequencerState = JSON.parse(sequencerJSON);\n\n // Update global variables\n numRows = sequencerState.numRows;\n numBeats = sequencerState.numBeats;\n subdivision = sequencerState.subdivision;\n squareStates = sequencerState.squareStates;\n\n // Update display elements\n beatsValueLabel.html(numBeats);\n subdivisionValueLabel.html(`1/${subdivision}`);\n\n redraw();\n}\n\n\n\n","style.css":"body {\n margin: 0;\n overflow-x: auto;\n}\n\ncanvas {\n display: block;\n}\n\n/* Style for buttons */\nbutton {\n padding: 10px 15px;\n /* Add padding for a chunkier look */\n font-size: 18px;\n /* Increase font size */\n border-radius: 8px;\n /* Make corners round for a square appearance */\n border: 2px solid #000;\n /* Add a border */\n background-color: hsl(300, 10%, 90%);\n /* Background color */\n cursor: pointer;\n /* Change cursor on hover */\n}\n\n/* Style for sliders */\ninput[type=\"range\"] {\n -webkit-appearance: none;\n /* Remove default styling */\n width: 200px;\n /* Set width */\n height: 15px;\n /* Set height */\n background: #6f6381;\n /* Background color */\n border-radius: 5px;\n /* Round corners */\n outline: none;\n /* Remove outline */\n}\n\n/* Style for slider thumb */\ninput[type=\"range\"]::-webkit-slider-thumb {\n -webkit-appearance: none;\n /* Remove default styling */\n appearance: none;\n /* Remove default styling */\n width: 25px;\n /* Width of the thumb */\n height: 25px;\n /* Height of the thumb */\n border-radius: 10%;\n /* Make thumb round */\n background: #f1e8f6;\n /* Thumb color */\n cursor: pointer;\n /* Change cursor on hover */\n}\n\n\n\n/* CSS changes */\nlabel {\n color: #fff;\n font-size: 24px;\n /* Increase font size for labels */\n margin-right: 10px;\n display: inline-block;\n /* Ensure labels are inline for alignment */\n text-align: center;\n /* Center text within the label */\n}","index.html":"\n\n\n\n \n \n Groovy Drum Machine Sequencer\n \n \n \n\n\n\n \n\n\n"},"chat_history":[{"message":"","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:35:23.597105Z","output_tokens":null,"sender":"client_script","code_id":217675,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":null,"id":117759},{"message":"","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:36:10.358642Z","output_tokens":null,"sender":"client_script","code_id":217675,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":null,"id":117760},{"message":"Let's get started!\n Errors:\n","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-19T16:12:17.333351Z","output_tokens":null,"sender":"client_script","code_id":217688,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":null,"id":118476},{"message":"","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-19T16:12:17.561649Z","output_tokens":0,"sender":"ai","code_id":217688,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":9100,"id":118477},{"message":"can we make it so that instead of squares for the notes, we use a tinted image. keep them called squares internally though.","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-19T16:12:57.362724Z","output_tokens":null,"sender":"human","code_id":217688,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":null,"id":118481},{"message":"That sounds like a great idea! You can definitely use a tinted image to represent the notes visually, while keeping them as \"squares\" internally in your code. Let's update the code to achieve this by using one of the image assets available.\n\nFirst, let's use an image asset, such as \"hi,\" and load it into the program. Then, we'll update the drawing function to display this image instead of squares.\n\n### Steps to Implement:\n\n1. **Load the Image Asset**: We'll add the image loading code in the `setup` function.\n2. **Display the Image with Tint**: When drawing, we'll replace the rectangle drawing with the image and apply a tint based on whether the note is active or not.\n\nLet's go ahead and implement these changes.\n\n```javascript\n// script.js\n\n// Load the image asset\nlet noteImage;\n\nfunction preload() {\n noteImage = loadImage(\"@asset('hi')\");\n preloadSounds();\n}\n```\n\n```javascript\n// script.js\n\nfunction draw() {\n background(50, 10, 70);\n\n drawPlayPauseIcon();\n\n // Some numbers that set up sizing.\n let downbeatSize = 75;\n let downbeatSpacing = 150;\n let startY = 100;\n\n for (let row = 0; row < numRows; row++) {\n let x = 100;\n\n for (let col = 0; col < numBeats * subdivision; col++) {\n let isDownbeat = (col % subdivision === 0);\n let squareSize = isDownbeat ? downbeatSize : (downbeatSpacing - downbeatSize) / (subdivision - 1);\n let y = row * (downbeatSize + 20) + startY;\n let yOffset = isDownbeat ? 0 : (downbeatSize - squareSize) / 4;\n\n let hue = (row * 40) % 360;\n if (squareStates[row][col]) {\n tint(hue, 90, 100); // Bright color for active squares.\n } else {\n tint(hue, 30, 50); // Dim color for inactive squares.\n }\n\n // Draw the image instead of the rectangle\n image(\n noteImage,\n x + (isDownbeat ? 0 : squareSize / 2),\n y + yOffset,\n squareSize,\n squareSize\n );\n\n let borderSize = 4;\n if (col === currentBeat) {\n stroke(squareStates[row][col] ? [hue, 30, 100] : [hue, 20, 50]);\n strokeWeight(borderSize);\n noFill();\n rect(\n x + (isDownbeat ? 0 : squareSize / 2) - borderSize / 2,\n y + yOffset - borderSize / 2,\n squareSize + borderSize,\n squareSize + borderSize\n );\n }\n\n x += squareSize + (isDownbeat ? 0 : (downbeatSpacing - downbeatSize) / (subdivision - 1));\n }\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Key Changes:\n- **Image Loading**: We load the \"hi\" image asset in `preload`.\n- **Image Display**: In the `draw` function, we use `image()` to display the loaded image in place of the rectangles. We apply a tint to change the image's color based on the active state of the note.\n\nWould you like to try using a different image or make further modifications?","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-19T16:12:57.438832Z","output_tokens":757,"sender":"ai","code_id":217688,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":9122,"id":118482},{"message":"","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-19T16:14:02.827808Z","output_tokens":null,"sender":"client_script","code_id":218174,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":null,"id":118483},{"message":"","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-19T16:14:38.236478Z","output_tokens":null,"sender":"client_script","code_id":218174,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":null,"id":118484},{"message":"can we use a direct url (such as https://www.foodandwine.com/thmb/C8XvnSkIMvz2XewXFDB_JYK-mSU=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/Perfect-Sandwich-Bread-FT-RECIPE0723-dace53e15a304942acbc880b0ae34f5a.jpg ) instead of an asset link?","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-19T16:15:56.007986Z","output_tokens":null,"sender":"human","code_id":218174,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":null,"id":118488},{"message":"For this project, we can only use the image assets that are already uploaded in the asset library with the @asset() function. Unfortunately, direct URLs to images won't work with the current setup.\n\nIf you have a specific image asset in mind from the available assets, please let me know, and we can use that! Otherwise, you could upload a new image asset through the interface if you want to use a different image. Would you like to proceed with one of the available assets?","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-19T16:15:56.122599Z","output_tokens":118,"sender":"ai","code_id":218174,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":9198,"id":118489},{"message":"

Add your new assets to the code

\n\n```javascript\nfunction preload() {\n noteImage = loadImage(\"@asset('hi')\");\n \n\tjippityMonkey = loadImage(\"@asset('jippityMonkey')\");\n}\n```","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-19T16:16:30.922812Z","output_tokens":null,"sender":"server_script","code_id":218174,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":null,"id":118490},{"message":"can we not use Tint and instead just put a semi-transparent colored overlay on them?","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-19T16:19:15.865088Z","output_tokens":null,"sender":"human","code_id":218174,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":null,"id":118491},{"message":"Certainly! Instead of using `tint`, we can create a semi-transparent overlay color on top of the images. This allows for a different visual effect while keeping the original colors of the images intact.\n\n### Steps to Implement:\n1. **Draw the Image**: First, draw the image as before.\n2. **Overlay Color**: Use the `fill()` function with a semi-transparent color and `rect()` to create an overlay on top of the image.\n\nHere’s how you can modify the `draw` function to achieve this:\n\n```javascript\n// script.js\n\nfunction draw() {\n background(50, 10, 70);\n\n drawPlayPauseIcon();\n\n // Some numbers that set up sizing.\n let downbeatSize = 75;\n let downbeatSpacing = 150;\n let startY = 100;\n\n for (let row = 0; row < numRows; row++) {\n let x = 100;\n\n for (let col = 0; col < numBeats * subdivision; col++) {\n let isDownbeat = (col % subdivision === 0);\n let squareSize = isDownbeat ? downbeatSize : (downbeatSpacing - downbeatSize) / (subdivision - 1);\n let y = row * (downbeatSize + 20) + startY;\n let yOffset = isDownbeat ? 0 : (downbeatSize - squareSize) / 4;\n\n // Draw the image\n image(\n noteImage,\n x + (isDownbeat ? 0 : squareSize / 2),\n y + yOffset,\n squareSize,\n squareSize\n );\n\n // Set the overlay color based on the square state\n let overlayColor = squareStates[row][col] ? [255, 0, 0, 150] : [0, 0, 0, 50]; // Red for active, black for inactive\n fill(...overlayColor); // Use spread operator to apply RGBA\n noStroke(); // No outline\n rect(\n x + (isDownbeat ? 0 : squareSize / 2),\n y + yOffset,\n squareSize,\n squareSize\n );\n\n let borderSize = 4;\n if (col === currentBeat) {\n stroke(squareStates[row][col] ? [255, 0, 0] : [0, 0, 0]);\n strokeWeight(borderSize);\n noFill();\n rect(\n x + (isDownbeat ? 0 : squareSize / 2) - borderSize / 2,\n y + yOffset - borderSize / 2,\n squareSize + borderSize,\n squareSize + borderSize\n );\n }\n\n x += squareSize + (isDownbeat ? 0 : (downbeatSpacing - downbeatSize) / (subdivision - 1));\n }\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Key Changes:\n- **Overlay Color**: We define a color for the overlay based on whether the square is active or inactive. For active squares, we use a semi-transparent red color, and for inactive squares, a semi-transparent black color.\n- **Draw Overlay**: After drawing the image, we draw a rectangle with the overlay color on top of it.\n\nYou can adjust the overlay colors and their transparency by modifying the RGBA values in the `overlayColor` array. Would you like to make any further adjustments?","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-19T16:19:15.873358Z","output_tokens":738,"sender":"ai","code_id":218174,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":9130,"id":118492},{"message":"","project_id":6272,"created_at":"2025-03-19T16:19:39.686004Z","output_tokens":null,"sender":"client_script","code_id":218174,"deleted":0,"input_tokens":null,"id":118493}],"assets":[{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"lz6m1xq9dghlkqz6zyys","deleted":false,"id":61833,"created_at":"2025-03-19T16:16:29.926540Z","name":"jippityMonkey","resource_type":"image","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"o3dfzenav8vnisth0kfb","deleted":false,"id":61404,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:53:02.599669Z","name":"sad","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"hcchhvniq2bowibpkgap","deleted":false,"id":61403,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:52:40.235224Z","name":"doom","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"rpeawkycalwpumsdsyp8","deleted":false,"id":61402,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:51:39.883225Z","name":"loud","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"vumt9fvdt0wknthi48ei","deleted":false,"id":61401,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:51:09.862143Z","name":"under","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"u6jli4ue6ckfdjoe6kmp","deleted":false,"id":61400,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:50:27.472458Z","name":"fart","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"xl7bhvqqyj7zhepzbkbh","deleted":false,"id":61385,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:44:15.734969Z","name":"sciFiMusic1","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"xdjyeogssy3omvyo3r8j","deleted":false,"id":61384,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:38:18.334071Z","name":"boom","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"lr5wsdbvccj1wkcyry7d","deleted":false,"id":61383,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:30:51.371018Z","name":"cuteClarinetSong","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"lmoh0ws17p2jrinyssxl","deleted":false,"id":61382,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:11:34.755682Z","name":"med","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"doq1e5ggqrh0cqqgqnqa","deleted":false,"id":61381,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:11:34.743118Z","name":"lo","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"tnzyu8tbqec301r720xg","deleted":false,"id":61380,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:11:34.737909Z","name":"hi","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"kovnjespilr53kzj2pla","deleted":false,"id":61379,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:11:34.722218Z","name":"hihat","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"dlu99kgkjlags0h7iusc","deleted":false,"id":61378,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:11:34.689254Z","name":"snare","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"uz1znejosnxvreovzggk","deleted":false,"id":61377,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:11:34.660040Z","name":"kick","resource_type":"audio","tags":null},{"project_id":6272,"creator":null,"cloudinary_id":"qfjlc7tnvpon8pi8flzx","deleted":false,"id":61376,"created_at":"2025-03-17T16:11:34.631571Z","name":"ss","resource_type":"image","tags":null}],"messages_sent":3,"comments":[],"steps":[]}